![]() Once inside the pons, half of the sensory fibers will divide into ascending and descending groups. Here both sensory and motor divisions of the nerve pierce the lateral surface of the pons near the Laterally, the medial aspect of the temporal lobe is immediately adjacent to Meckel’s cave.Īs the fibers of the trigeminal nerve leave the trigeminal ganglion, they travel superomedially toward the pons. The clivus, basilar venous plexus, ventral aspect of the pons, and brainstem are also medially related to the cave. Medial to these structures is the superior petrosal sinus, which may be superiorly or inferiorly related to the opening of Meckel’s cave. In this fossa, the nerves unite to form the semilunar ( Gasserian, or trigeminal) ganglion. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve unite within a shallow depression on the posteromedial side of the middle cranial fossa known as Once formed, the ophthalmic nerve also receives its meningeal tributary from the dura of the anterior cranial fossa. The nerves unite within the superior orbital fissure to form the ophthalmic division. The acronym NFL (as in American football) is also useful to recall these three branches. Nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal nerves. The three main nerves that come together to form CN V1 are the The ophthalmic division also has several tributaries that constitute it. Furthermore, the ophthalmic branch also carries fibers arising from the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa, the frontal sinus, and the superior aspect of the nasal cavity. The nerve also acts as a conduit for sympathetic fibers that require access to the ciliary body, lacrimal glands, cornea, and conjunctiva of the eye. It is a purely sensory nerve that carries afferent stimuli of pain, light touch, and temperature from the upper eyelids and supraorbital region of the face, up to the vertex of the head. Ophthalmic branch is the first division of the trigeminal nerve. Further discussion surrounding clinical examination to assess the integrity of the trigeminal nerve will also be included. ![]() The goal of this article will be to discuss the anatomy, pathway, and distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Sensory: Scalp, face, orbit, paranasal sinuses, anterior two-thirds of the tongue Motor: Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani muscles Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Key facts about the trigeminal nerve (CN V) It has four nuclei that send fibers to form its tracts and is associated with three separate branches. Unlike the other cranial nerves, the trigeminal nerve is quite large. While the trigeminal nerve (CN V) is largely a sensory nerve, it also mingles in the realm of motor supply. This is the fifth of twelve pairs of cranial nerves that are responsible for transmitting numerous motor, sensory, and autonomous stimuli to structures of the head and neck. The principal regulator of the sensory modalities of the head is the trigeminal nerve.
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